PP Presentation
• physical layer coding violations–This works when the physical layer uses redundancy in the coding (i.e. Manchester encodes a 1 as a high-low pair and a 0 as a low-high pair). Since high-high and low-low are not used for data they can be used for framing and so no stuffing is needed. This is a part of the 802 standard (Ethernet).
Many data link protocols use some combination of physical layer coding, counting, character and bit stuffing.